《胎产大法》之助孕用药思想浅析

《胎产大法》是一本将理论和临床相结合的产科专著,注重胎产理法方药的研究,论述祥备,重视临床,简单实用,在中医妇产科学古籍中颇具特色,分为上下两卷,其选方用药也独具特色,本文将重点阐述上卷中助孕用药的思想,分析其特色之处,目的在于发掘中医妇产科古籍中精华,为现代中医妇产科临床服务。     

老年髋部骨折患者围手术期死亡高危因素分析

目的分析老年髋部骨折患者围手术期死亡的高危因素。方法笔者2008年1月~2013年12月对收治的976例60岁以上行手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,其中股骨转子间骨折498例,平均年龄72.3岁;股骨颈骨折478例,平均年龄75.6岁;观察围手术期死亡的高危因素。结果围手术期死亡32例(3.2%),其中死于心肺疾病者占78.1%。年龄80岁围手术期死亡10例,≥80岁死亡22例,两者比较差异有统计学意义。股骨颈骨折内固定术治疗患者术后死亡4例,关节置换术治疗患者死亡14例,两者比较差异有统计学意义。结论高龄、心肺疾病和采用关节置换术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者死亡风险更大,多科室的相互协作有助于降低围手术期死亡的风险。     

Atualização sobre reações de hipersensibilidade perioperatória: documento conjunto da Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA) e Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia (ASBAI) – Parte I: tratamento e orientação pós‐crise

Experts from the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology (ASBAI) and the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology (SBA) interested in the issue of perioperative anaphylaxis, and aiming to strengthen the collaboration between the two societies, combined efforts to study the topic and to prepare a joint document to guide specialists in both areas. The purpose of the present series of two articles was to report the most recent evidence based on the collaborative assessment between both societies. This first article will consider the updated definitions, treatment and guidelines after a perioperative crisis. The following article will discuss the major etiologic agents, how to proceed with the investigation, and the appropriate tests.     

白内障围手术期结膜囊菌群分布及药敏试验

目的 分析白内障围手术期结膜囊菌群的分布及药敏试验结果。方法 选取264例白内障患者,分别在患者入院后、手术消毒前、手术消毒后、手术结束后四个时间点取样,进行细菌培养及药敏试验,比较不同时期的细菌培养结果和药敏结果。结果 入院后结膜囊细菌培养阳性率明显高于手术消毒前、手术消毒后及手术结束后;入院后结膜囊细菌培养以表皮葡萄球菌为主;革兰氏阳性球菌对头孢西丁、加替沙星、左氧氟沙星等敏感性较高。结论 表皮葡萄球菌是结膜囊最常见的细菌,术前应常规应用抗生素点眼,聚维酮碘冲洗结膜囊等来预防术后感染性眼内炎。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间外科患者围术期防控策略

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控形势严峻,各级医疗机构在做好新型冠状病毒肺炎防控的同时,还需提供优质安全的常规医疗服务。笔者旨在通过严格患者分类管理以及围术期标准预防,为需行外科治疗的患者,尤其是需行急诊外科治疗的患者提供优质安全的医疗服务,减少院内感染,为新型冠状病毒肺炎防控贡献一份力量。     

围产新生儿SARS-CoV-2感染临床观察研究方案专家建议

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染流行,但因目前新生儿病例报道较少,证据资料欠完善,对新生儿SARS-CoV-2感染的途径、临床特征、治疗及预后甚至诊断标准等认识尚不清楚和统一,故围产界应积极对围产儿SARS-CoV-2感染进行系统全面研究,因为这些临床资料、统计数据和研究结果将对于此次乃至今后冠状病毒感染在这些最脆弱特殊人群防治具有十分重要的意义。为此,中国医师协会新生儿科医师分会循证学组、中华医学会围产医学分会重症学组联合组织专家组研制本建议,供围产学界同行拟定该方面具体项目计划参考。     

硬膜外麻醉复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外腔阻滞复合全麻与肋间神经阻滞复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选取择期行开胸手术患者76例，随机分为两组，硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（E组） 、肋间神经阻滞复合全麻组（C组），每组38例。E组行硬膜外穿刺置管，术中0.2%罗哌卡因维持；C组行切口及上下肋间神经阻滞，两组全麻诱导及维持一致。采用术后恢复质量量表(quality of recovery QoR-40）对患者进行术前１天、术后３天恢复质量评分；采用视觉模拟评分法（Visual analogue scale VAS）对两组患者进行拔管后4h、8h、12h、24h 安静和活动后的VAS评分；同时记录首次下床活动时间及住院时间。结果 与C组相比，E组在术后３天QoR-40各项评分均高于C组（P<0.05）；E组静息和运动状态下术后各时间点VAS评分降低（P<0.05）；E组首次下床活动时间较早，住院时间较C组减少(P<0.05)。 结论 硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉用于开胸手术患者，不仅镇痛效果良好，还能明显提高术后早期恢复质量，缩短住院时间。     

Comparison of Transcallosal Inhibition Between Hemispheres and Its Relationship with Motor Behavior in Patients with Severe Upper Extremity Impairment After Subacute Stroke

ObjectiveTo compare corticospinal excitability and transcallosal inhibition between contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) and ipsilesional M1. We also investigated the correlation between transcallosal inhibition and upper extremity motor behavior.Materials and methods19 individuals with unilateral ischemic subacute stroke who had severe upper extremity impairment participated in this study. Corticospinal excitability was assessed by measuring the resting motor threshold, active motor threshold and motor evoked potential amplitude. Transcallosal inhibition was investigated by measuring the duration and depth of the ipsilateral silent period (ISP). The data from the two hemispheres were compared and the relationships of transcallosal inhibition with upper extremity motor impairment, grip strength and pinch strength were analyzed.ResultsResting motor threshold (p = 0.001) and active motor threshold (p = 0.001) were lower and motor evoked potential amplitude was higher (p = 0.001) in the contralesional M1 compared to the ipsilesional M1. However, there were no differences between the two M1s in ISP duration (p = 0.297) or ISP depth (p =0. 229). Transcallosal inhibition from the contralesional M1 was positively associated with motor impairment (ISP duration, p = 0.003; ISP depth, p = 0.017) and grip strength (ISP duration, p = 0.016; ISP depth, p = 0.045).ConclusionsSymmetric transcallosal inhibition between hemispheres and positive association of transcallosal inhibition from contralesional M1 with upper extremity motor behavior indicate that recruitment of contralesional M1 may be necessary for recovery in patients with severe upper extremity impairment after subacute ischemic stroke.